2011年4月16日星期六

叙利亚阿萨德：很快终止紧急状态法叙利亚各地的抗议活动升级 Syria: Clashes at mass Damascus protest

叙利亚阿萨德：很快终止紧急状态法

| 2011年 4月 16日

叙利亚总统阿萨德(资料照片)

叙利亚总统巴沙尔·阿萨德说，将在一星期内取消实施了数十年的紧急状态法。

阿萨德星期六在向全国转播的对内阁的讲话中发表上述讲话。反政府抗议者一直要求取消紧急状态法，这条法律赋予安全部队广泛的权力实施逮捕和拘禁。

阿萨德说，叙利亚的稳定是当务之急，安全部队需要额外的训练来应对抗议。阿萨德说，失业，尤其是年轻人失业，仍是叙利亚最大的问题。年轻人由于无法找到工作而感到烦恼，用阿萨德的话说，年轻人“不再有为国家做贡献的抱负”。他敦促新内阁考虑若干能提供就业机会的议案。

星期六早些时候，成千上万哀悼者参加了为据称在上星期天抗议中被亲政府力量打死的一名男子举行的葬礼。葬礼在海滨城市巴尼亚斯举行，一些出席葬礼的人高呼要求自由的口号。

民众传给媒体的德拉市反政府抗议场面

叙利亚国家通讯社说，一名警察星期五在中部城市霍姆斯被反政府抗议者殴打致死。叙通社(SANA)星期六报导说，霍姆斯市一次要求民主的示威活动演变为暴力，那名警察被人用石头和棍棒打死。

星期五，叙利亚各地的抗议活动升级，最大规模的示威发生在南部城市德拉。德拉已成为反对派的中心。

示威活动开始于上个月，因为抗议者和安全部队发生冲突，暴力时有发生。人权组织说，在当局镇压示威抗议时，有200多人丧生。叙利亚官员指责说，动乱是无法无天的帮派团伙造成的。

面对日益高涨的反抗，叙利亚总统巴沙尔.阿萨德星期四宣布了由30人组成的新内阁，并下令释放被捕的抗议人士。法新社说，阿萨德星期六将对新政府发表讲话。

Syria: Clashes at mass Damascus protest

Anti-government protests held across Syria

Syrian security forces have used tear gas and batons to disperse tens of thousands of protesters in the capital, Damascus, witnesses said.

The protesters called for reforms, while some demanded the overthrow of President Bashar al-Assad.
The protests, in Damascus and other cities, are believed to be the largest in a month of unrest in which about 200 people have been reported killed.
Mr Assad has made some concessions while cracking down on dissent.
Thousands of people were reported to have demonstrated in a number of other Syrian cities, including Deraa, Latakia, Baniyas and Qamishli - places where violence has been previously reported.
State media reported that "small demonstrations" had taken place in different parts of the country and security forces did not intervene.
Yellow card warning
The mass protest in the suburbs of Damascus marks a major escalation of Syria's month of unrest, which has largely bypassed the capital.

“Start Quote

It is time for the Syrian government to stop repressing their citizens and start responding to their aspirations”

End Quote Hillary Clinton US Secretary of State

Analysts said Friday's protests were the largest since they began in the southern city of Deraa on 15 March.

The unrest is seen as the biggest challenge to Mr Assad, who inherited power from his father in 2000.
The protesters say they want greater freedoms, including a repeal of the decades-old security law, which bans public gatherings of more than five people.
Some are calling for the overthrow of the president, who rules with a tight grip through his family and the security forces.
Mr Assad has offered some concessions, forming a new government on Thursday and pronouncing amnesty for an undisclosed number of people detained in the last month.
He has also sacked some local officials and granted Syrian citizenship to thousands of the country's Kurdish minority - satisfying a long-held demand.
The demonstrators in Damascus held up yellow cards, in a football-style warning to President Assad, AP news agency said.
"This is our first warning, next time we will come with the red cards," one protester said.
'Legitimate demands'
Other witnesses said the demonstrators tore down posters of Mr Assad they passed along their route and called for the overthrow of the president.
Reuters quoted a witness who said 15 busloads of secret police had chased people into alleyways north of the city's main Abbasside Square.

The United Nations and a number of Western governments have decried President Assad's use of force to try to quash the protests.
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called on Syria's authorities to stop using violence against their own people.
"The Syrian government has not addressed the legitimate demands of the Syrian people," she said after a Nato meeting in Berlin.
"It is time for the Syrian government to stop repressing their citizens and start responding to their aspirations."
Human rights campaigners say hundreds of people across Syria have been arrested, including opposition figures, bloggers and activists.
Mr Assad blames the violence in recent weeks on armed gangs rather than reform-seekers and has vowed to put down further unrest.
US officials have said Iran is helping Syria to crack down on the protests, a charge both Tehran and Damascus have denied.

阿尔及利亚总统宣布民主改革计划 Algeria leader Bouteflika pledges constitutional reform

Algeria leader Bouteflika pledges constitutional reform

Algerians gather to watch President Bouteflika's speech on a giant screen in Telemcen, 15 April

The speech was long awaited

Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika, who has been in power for 12 years, has promised to amend the constitution to "strengthen democracy".

Delivering a long-awaited speech on state TV, he said a constitutional commission would be created to draw up the necessary amendments.
It was his first address to the nation in three months.
Unrest broke out in January with strikes, marches and rioting echoing protests elsewhere in the Arab world.
Under pressure to amend the constitution and limit presidential terms, the 74-year-old leader lifted the country's state of emergency in February, after 19 years.
However, the trigger for the unrest appears to be mainly economic, especially sharp increases in the price of food.
New laws
Algerians gathered around TV screens to watch the president, who looked frail and spoke in a hoarse voice.
"To crown the institutional edifice with the aim of strengthening democracy, it is important to introduce the necessary amendments to the constitution," he said.
"Active political currents" would join constitutional law experts in drawing up the amendments, he said.
In addition, the electoral law would be "revised in depth", with the participation of "the political parties, whether present [in parliament] or not".
A new information law would be introduced to replace existing legislation under which journalists have been jailed after writing articles critical of the president.
The new law would include "regulations for responsible blogging", the president said.
The current constitution, adopted in 1996, was introduced to strengthen presidential law and ban religion-based parties following Algeria's murderous war between the military and Islamist militants, in which some 150,000 people were killed.
Political analyst Mohamed Lagab cautiously welcomed Mr Bouteflika's speech.
"Acknowledging that political reforms - and not only social and economic reforms - will help to solve the crisis is key," the Algiers University academic told Reuters news agency.
"But Bouteflika did not give a deadline for the reforms he announced and he did not sack the government yet," he added.

阿尔及利亚总统宣布民主改革计划

美 | 2011年 4月 16日

阿尔及利亚总统阿卜杜勒阿齐兹.布特弗利卡迫于国内日益高涨的民主声浪宣布了修改选举法和修订宪法的计划。

布特弗利卡在星期五的电视讲话中说，为了加强民主，他将采取措施，来保证自由和公正的选举。他还说，他将任命一个专家委员会来提出修宪建议，以便使“宪法符合我们社会的根本价值观”。这些改革建议必须获得议会或全民公投的批准。

阿尔及利亚抗议者在过去几个月里要求实行民主改革。布特弗利卡总统在反对派面前作出让步，于2月间解除了19年之久的紧急状态。星期二，主要由学生组成的数千名示威者在阿尔及尔游行走向总统府。新闻报道说，有一些人要求教育部长辞职，其他人高喊反政府口号。

利比亚使用集束炸弹 Libya conflict: Gaddafi 'cluster bombing Misrata

人权组织称利比亚使用集束炸弹

2011年 4月 15日

利比亚正在被围攻的米苏拉塔市使用集束炸弹。
一些集束炸弹在这个西部城市的住宅区爆炸，对“平民生命构成重大威胁”。利比亚当局否认这一指控。政府发言人易卜拉欣要人权组织“证明这一说法”。

集束炸弹会炸成许多小炸弹，从而在广大地区内造成广泛的伤害。这种武器由于集束弹药公约在大多数国家被禁止。这一公约在2010年成为有约束力的国际法律。但是，利比亚还没有在这个公约上签字。

所有“国家”或者团伙即便没有签此约也必须执行。
与此同时，北约联盟的西方国家领导人星期五表示决心要继续在利比亚的军事行动，直到领导人卡扎菲下台为止。美国总统奥巴马对美联社说，虽然利比亚目前处于军事僵局，但是他认为卡扎菲最终将放弃领导权。

英国首相卡梅伦、法国总统萨科齐和奥巴马总统都表示，让卡扎菲继续掌权，对利比亚人民来说是“不合理的背叛”。这几位领导人在一些国际报刊上发表的联合声明中说，“一个企图屠杀自己国家人民的人能在他们未来的政府中发挥作用是不可思议的”。

据利比亚国家媒体星期五的报导，北约袭击了首都的黎波里东部政府控制的飞地。西方媒体报导说，政府军向被围困的米苏拉塔市发射了100多枚火箭。

Libya conflict: Gaddafi 'cluster bombing Misrata'

Click to play

Abdullah, a doctor in Misrata, told the BBC he had seen evidence of the use of cluster bombs

Pro-government forces in Libya have been accused by a human rights campaign group of using cluster bombs, which are banned by more than 100 countries.

One of its photographers saw three mortar-launched projectiles explode over a residential area of Misrata, in western Libya.
A government spokesman denied the allegation, calling for more evidence.
New attacks by government troops have been reported in Misrata, the only western city still in rebel hands.
One resident, Aous, told the BBC he had seen indiscriminate bombing and shooting from 0630 (0330 GMT) on Saturday.
"I listened to bombing and shooting everywhere. And I saw smoke going up just a few metres from my house.
"The shooting was random in this area - there are families here. They didn't make a difference between any houses, just shooting."
As well as cluster munitions there have been a number of reports that Libyan forces are using the Soviet-designed Grad rocket system in their bombardment of Misrata.
The Grad, which launches multiple rockets from mobile launchers, has been blamed for a number of civilian deaths in recent days, including eight people in a bread queue. Reuters news agency reported large numbers of Grads fired into Misrata on Saturday.

A bomblet reported to be from a MAT-120 cluster bomb (pic: Human Rights Watch, 15 April 2011)

Unexploded cluster bomblets are often brightly coloured and picked up by children

The BBC's Jon Leyne, in the eastern rebel stronghold of Benghazi, says the Grad is another indiscriminate weapon that - while not illegal - could be even deadlier than cluster bombs.
Launched from a truck containing up to 40 rocket pods and able to fire some 40 rockets in quick succession, Grads blanket a wide area and are said to have been used against the port of Misrata, a key link to the outside world for those in the city.
This is urban warfare of the nastiest kind, our correspondent says: on the one hand you have the rebels fighting the government and on the other government forces appear to be randomly shelling and using sniper fire in civilian areas.
There were also reports of renewed fighting near the eastern town of Ajdabiya, where rebels are regrouping on the road to the oil town of Brega.
'Appalling'
Releasing photographs of cluster munitions, New York-based Human Rights Watch said three projectiles had exploded over Misrata's el-Shawahda neighbourhood on Thursday night.

Analysis

Jeremy Bowen BBC Middle East editor, Tripoli

The latest revelations and the continuing suffering in Misrata are a reminder that the Nato mission - to protect civilians - is not working sufficiently.
The Western countries leading the intervention have some thinking to do. The UK, France and the US have said very clearly that they want Col Gaddafi out, but they are going to have to work out how to make that happen.
They may want to go the UN Security Council, but it is inconceivable at the moment that they would get a stronger mandate calling for regime change and allowing them to use their ground troops, even in a training capacity. Resolution 1973 allows the air operation but it very specifically forbids a foreign military occupation. There have have been some discussions about other ways of using troops, perhaps to safeguard humanitarian convoys, perhaps the sea routes into Misrata. But that would take some discussion.

First discovered by a New York Times reporter and inspected by HRW researchers, the object photographed is said to be an MAT-120 120mm mortar projectile, which opens in mid-air and releases 21 "bomblets" over a wide area.

"Upon exploding on contact with an object, each submunition disintegrates into high-velocity fragments to attack people and releases a slug of molten metal to penetrate armoured vehicles," HRW noted.
HRW said the projectile it had examined had been manufactured in Spain in 2007, one year before Madrid signed the international Convention on Cluster Munitions.
Steve Goose, HRW's arms division director, said it was "appalling" that Libya was using such weapons, especially in a residential area.
"They pose a huge risk to civilians, both during attacks because of their indiscriminate nature and afterward because of the still-dangerous unexploded duds scattered about," he added.
HRW said it could not determine whether any civilians had been hurt by the cluster bombs which "appear to have landed about 300 metres [yards] from Misrata hospital".
The international Convention on Cluster Munitions, adopted in Dublin in 2008, prohibits its 108 signatories from using cluster weapons because of the threat they pose to civilians.
Libya is one of the states which has not signed the convention, along with countries such as the US, Israel, Russia and China.

How a Cluster Bomb Works

The cluster bomb is dropped from a plane or fired from a rocket launcher.
Models differ but some can contain up to 200 bomblets
The canister starts to spin and opens while in mid-air, spraying the bomblets across a wide area
Each bomblet is about the size of a drink can and contains hundreds of metal pieces. When it explodes, it can cause deadly injuries up to 25m (80ft) away

Cluster bomb ban comes into force

Libyan government spokesman Moussa Ibrahim denied cluster bombs had been used in Misrata.

"I challenge them to prove it," he told reporters in the capital Tripoli.
Referring to inspections by humanitarian groups, he said: "To use these bombs, the evidence would remain for days and weeks, and we know the international community is coming en masse to our country soon. So we can't do this, we can't do anything that would incriminate us even if we were criminals."
There was no immediate comment from Spain, a signatory to the cluster munition convention, on the provenance of the bombs.
No reinforcements
Rebels in Misrata have been holding out against attacks for two months and UK Foreign Secretary William Hague has stressed that Nato needs to act swiftly to prevent a "massacre" in the city.
He said on Friday that Nato had been constrained by the need to avoid civilian casualties but had probably prevented the city from being overrun by Col Gaddafi's forces.
On Friday a meeting of Nato foreign ministers in Berlin ended without a commitment from non-participating nations to contribute combat aircraft to the alliance's military operations over Libya.
The US, UK and France said in a joint statement that the threat to Libyan civilians will not disappear while Colonel Muammar Gaddafi remains in power.
However, Russia has suggested Nato has been exceeding its UN Security Council mandate to protect civilians.

自杀爆炸手袭击阿富汗东部导致重大伤亡 Ten die in Afghan Army baes bomb

Ten die in Afghanistan army base bomb

Afghan National Army soldiers at the site of a recent attack (7 April 2011)

The Afghan National Army is a frequent target for insurgent attacks

Five foreign and five Afghan troops have died in an attack in eastern Afghanistan, officials say.

A Taliban suicide bomber wearing a military uniform hit an Afghan army base near the city of Jalalabad, the Afghan defence ministry said.
Coalition officials said five foreign troops died but gave no more details. Four Afghan soldiers and four translators were said to be injured.
The attack was one of the deadliest in months against foreign troops.
It took place shortly after 0730 (0330 GMT) when the bomber approached the gate of the military base and detonated his explosives.
The Taliban claimed responsibility for the bombing, adding that the attacker was a "sleeper agent" who had served in the army for at least one month before launching his attack.
However, Afghan officials strongly denied that suggestion, insisting that the bomber was wearing a military uniform but not a serving soldier.

自杀爆炸手袭击阿富汗东部导致重大伤亡

| 2011年 4月 16日

阿富汗军人守卫在遭受自杀袭击的军事基地外

据报导，一名身穿阿富汗军服的自杀爆炸杀手在阿富汗东部贾拉拉巴德附近的一个军事基地外引爆身上的炸药。官方说，至少有五名北约军人和四名阿富汗士兵被炸死，另外有八人，其中包括四名翻译，在这次爆炸中受伤。在此同时，外交战线正在作出种种努力以结束长达几乎十年的阿富汗冲突。

据报导，一名身穿阿富汗军队制服的男子星期六一早在贾拉拉巴德城外的军事基地混过了安全检查。这是北约部队几个月来遭到的最严重袭击。

一天前，另一名炸弹杀手炸死了阿富汗南部坎大哈的警察局长。

*塔利班：爆炸手是潜伏人员*

阿富汗国防部说，他们正在调查这名自杀爆炸杀手是仅仅穿着军服、还是他就是阿富汗军队成员。塔利班的一名发言人声称，这名爆炸手是他们的潜伏人员，他一个多月前潜入部队。

叛乱分子混进阿富汗军队向来是战区当局的一个主要忧虑。审查申请入伍者的工作仍然是当务之急。

另一个令人担心的问题是军服在阿富汗各地的市场上到处都可以买得到，这使得恐怖分子或者塔利班人员能很快进行伪装。

*袭击发生非偶然*

在阿富汗，随着气候的转暖，战斗就会升级。4月底或者5月初往往被称为战争季节的开端。

但是，发生这些袭击的时候也正是在外交努力不断加强的时候。这是为了要充分利用北约和阿富汗军队去年取得的进展。

美国阿富汗问题研究所的穆罕默德·奥马尔·沙里夫博士认为，袭击正好发生在巴基斯坦总理吉拉尼访问喀布尔期间，这不是偶然的。

他说：“事实上，这已经不是第一次发生这样的事了，每当进行外交努力时，塔利班及其支持者，一般来说，总是要展示他们的力量。这两次袭击，在某种意义上都是恐怖分子和塔利班试图证明，他们有能力进行毁灭性的攻击。”

*吉拉尼：共同的战斗*

吉拉尼总理访问喀布尔的行程包括与卡尔扎伊总统和阿富汗国防部长瓦尔达克的会谈。

在这些会谈结束后，吉拉尼总理说，所有各方，包括美国和阿富汗，都认为，为了实现和平应该与某些叛乱成员达成某种形式的和解。

巴基斯坦和阿富汗共同的边界上可以渗透的地方很多，所以持续不断的战事也影响着伊斯兰堡当局的权威。吉拉尼总理迅速指出，从许多方面来说，这是共同的战斗。

他说：“如果我们的地区有军事行动，那么人们就会到阿富汗去；如果那里有北约的军事行动，他们就会到巴基斯坦来。所以，我们应该开展更多的情报合作、防务合作和政治合作。因为我们都受到战争困扰，我们是兄弟，我们是邻居，我们不应该承受更多痛苦了。”

*冲突为何不断升级*

随着战事在未来几个星期和几个月里暴力和战斗会有所增加，当局说，他们将使阿富汗、巴基斯坦和北约等各方齐心协力，继续向塔利班施加压力，促使他们来到谈判桌前。

同时，很多人认为，塔利班需要表明，他们仍然有能力发动重大袭击，这样才能以一个强势地位来参加谈判。这可能就是为什么最近冲突似乎在不断升级的原因。

Analysis

Bilal Sarwary Kabul

Saturday's attack was the third in the past 72 hours.
The earlier two attacks had claimed the lives of an influential tribal elder, Malik Zarin, and the police chief of Kandahar, Khan Mohammad Mujahid.
These attacks are an attempt by the insurgents to undermine the authority of the Afghan national police and army - the two institutions which are supposed to assume the responsibility of the country's security once the foreign forces return.
The insurgents are also trying to convey the message to the people, through such acts, not to send their family members to serve the police and army.

Coalition officials in Afghanistan confirmed that foreign troops had died on Saturday but did not specify the nationalities of those killed.

"Five International Security Assistance Force (Isaf) service members died following an insurgent attack in eastern Afghanistan today," a statement said.
The attack was the third in recent days blamed on Taliban rebels.
The first killed a tribal elder closely connected to Afghan President Hamid Karzai, while on Friday the police chief of the southern province of Kandahar was killed.
Khan Mohammad Mujahid - a former mujahedeen fighter - had survived two previous attempts on his life, one on his way home and another in his motorcade.
In the two most recent incidents, the attacker was wearing an offical Afghan uniform.
Despite a sales ban put in place to reduce the number of attacks, Afghan army and police uniforms are widely available throughout the country

新的粮食短缺可能很严重

新的粮食短缺可能很严重

所谓“世界银行”“国际货币基金”和“世界贸易组织”是全世界魔恐暴政罪犯团伙尤其是魔恐强盗奴隶主国家的团伙的三大抢劫掠夺罪恶机构。

Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift: 世界银行总裁罗伯特·佐利克(Robert Zoellick)在一个记者发布会上。

国际货币基金组织和世界银行这个周末将在华盛顿举行会谈。当国际货币基金组织不停的强调，世界经济危机依然存在的同时，世界银行却提出警告， 2008年的世界粮食危机可能重现。

上次的国际金融危机已经过去了差不多3年，许多观察家认为，大家已经度过这个危机。但是，联合国下的两个组织，也就是国际货币基金组织和世界银行，却认为这种说法是一种是谬论。中东和北非的动荡不安，新兴国家的经济过热，工业国家的债务问题，通货膨胀的危险和持续飚高的粮食价格，这些都显示出，情况还不稳定。世界银行总裁罗伯特·佐利克警告，2008年的世界粮食危机可能重现。因为目前世界粮食价格已经到达一个危险的水准。比起去年的水平，已经增长百分之三十六，接近2008年时的最高价。去年六月以来，大约有四千四百万人跌入贫穷线下。这些人每天只能靠一块二五美元过活。如果粮食价格指数再增长百分之十，我们估计，大约会再有一千万人跌入贫穷线下。
如果粮价指数再飚高百分之三十，会有另外的三千四百万人掉入贫穷线下。那么，生活在贫穷线下的人数就会高达十亿二千万人。粮价高涨有几个原因：气候异常引起的收成欠佳，生物燃料的扩充生产，这会排挤粮食的生产，另外就是粮食存量太少，改变中的饮食习惯，以及价格的哄抬。受害者却永远都是那些世界上最贫穷的国家。

Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift: 国际货币基金组织和世界银行每年春季都联合举办会议。
佐利克警告，穷人不能再继续等待了。他们在世界银行的大楼前安装了所谓的饥饿钟，这个钟显示，目前全世界大约有十亿人营养不良。营养不良的人数，每分钟增加68人，换句话说，每秒钟增加一人以上。如果不赶快加油，这个世界可能会失去整整一代的人。
他很高兴得知，法国已经将粮食价格问题纳入G20 首脑会议中。国际货币基金组织主席多米尼克卡恩·斯特劳斯(Dominique Strauss-Kahn) 也提出警告，不要以为经融危机已经过去，不用理会他。他警告，大家不要陷入自我满足中。
斯特劳斯说："我们还陷在危机里"。不只是目前的欧元债务危机。比如升高的国家债务，以及全世界不平均的经济景气成长，所有这些问题都还没有解决。虽然全球经济在复苏，但是这个复苏并没有带来太多的工作机会。人们真正需要的是工作，工作，工作。如果经济复苏，但是这个复苏却只反映在宏观经济的数字上，没有让人们真正感受到，这样，这就不是一个好的复苏。比如埃及和突尼斯。在这些国家，经济增长率的确是增加，但是那里的人们没有看到前景，他们没有感觉到任何的改变。

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